Neuromedin-U Antibodies

Neuromedin-U (NMU)

Neuromedin-U-25: Ligand for receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2 (By similarity).

Stimulates muscle contractions of specific areas of the gastrointestinal tract.

In people, NmU stimulates contractions of the ileum and urinary bladder. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	NMU
Uniprot:	P48645
Entrez:	10874

Family

Belongs to:
NmU family

Alternative Names

neuromedin U; neuromedin-U

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
19.741 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	4q12
Sequence:	4; NC_000004.12 (55595231..55636793, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed throughout the enteric nervous system with highest levels being found in the jejunum.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Obesity
• Dermatitis
• Pediatric Obesity
• Hyperphagia
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hyperinsulinism
• Insulin Sensitivity
• Nervousness

• Hyperlipidemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Inflammation

Interacting Proteins

• KRTAP5-9
• NOTCH2NL

Pathways

• Feeding Behavior
• Regulation Of Feeding Behavior

PTMs

• Amidation

• Cleavage on pair of basic residues

• Oxidation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/NMU

Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The NMU Marker

Boster's high affinity primary antibodies can be used to identify Neuromedin U within the brain, or any other target. These antibodies are well-cited and have been validated in the scientific community. In addition to the many applications of this protein, the high-affinity primary antibodies are also useful in immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting, and ELISA.

Brain

Scientists have found that the NMU marker is in the cerebral cortex. This marker is also present in other brain areas. NMU infusion reduces the acute effect in mice. This is due to a behaviour associated both with locomotor stimulation and reward-dependent retrieval of memory. NMU research has its limitations. The first is that they must be performed on rodents whose baseline behaviour has already been affected by alcohol and other drug use.

Over the past 35 year, neuromedinU was identified. Numerous publications have been published on its physiological function. It has two GPCRs. The one that is found in central tissue is the G-protein-coupled receiver. It is associated with energy metabolism and structurally similar to neuromedin S. However neuromedin S is more prevalent in the central nervous systems.

Researchers have discovered that higher expression of NMU mRNA and protein is negatively correlated with overall survival. These findings suggest that NMU could play a role during the development of NSCLC. These studies will help in the future to identify molecular mechanisms that NSCLC development. NMU, GNGT1 and other tools may be useful in the detection of NSCLC. There are a number of uses for this biomarker, both in patients and in researchers.

The NMU gene is highly conserved between species, and different animal populations express it in slightly different ways. Its high levels of expression in LUAD (and LUSC) are crucial for the identification and understanding of the underlying mechanism. The Swedish Research Council funded the study, along with several foundations and private organizations. The scientists also thank Major Gostalind and Ake Wiberg for their financial support. Its results are currently being analyzed by scientists at universities around the world.

Neuromedin U

The NmU mark was first found in the spinal chord of pigs back in 1985. It is now recognized in many species. It has many physiological and pathophysiological roles, including pro-inflammatory functions. It activates cytokines, immune cells and has been implicated with inflammation in autoimmune arthritis, sepsis, and worm infection. Researchers have also observed NmU production in allergic animal models, which could explain its role in inflammation.

NmU may interact with other receptors, including NK cell. Previous studies have shown NmU boosts the recruitment of eosinophils inflamed tissue, such as the lung. NmU is also known to promote the maturation and proliferation of ILC2s, as well as eosinophil recruitment in inflammatory tissues. It may also play a role the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma.

NeuromedinU as an extracellular marker

Neuromedin U (NMU) is a peptide that has significant activity on smooth muscle. Neuromedin U can be found in the gut and central nervous system, where it is expressed widely. It has peripheral activities such stimulation of smooth muscles. NMU also has activity in local blood circulation and increased blood pressure. However, its molecular structure remains unclear. NMU is also expressed in several other tissues and organs, including the pituitary gland and distinct areas of the brain.

Neuromedin U is not the only peptide that has been identified. These peptides have similar distributions to neuromedin U but are different. Neuromedin U is present peripherally, while neuromedin S is located predominantly in the central nervous system. Researchers should be able to compare the structure and function of all peptides produced. This will allow them to determine which ones are most relevant to human health.

It is unclear what neuromedin U does in asthma. Although the disease has a common cause, it is poorly understood. NeuromedinU plays a pleiotropic part in asthma. NeuromedinU is a porcine spinal chord extract. It has an anti-inflammatory role in the lungs and can increase type 2 innate lymphoid-driven allergic lupin inflammation. It belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. Neuromedin U is present in immune cells, such as ILC2s (mast cells) and eosinophils.

Researchers have discovered other peptides that are related to neuromedin U, which is an extracellular marker. These peptides have biological effects that are independent of NMUR1 or NMUR2 receptors. These NMU-related molecules can help us to better understand how neuromedinU acts in breast cancer. So what is Neuromedin U? And what are its benefits?

High-affinity primary antibodies

By western blotting and qRT-PCR, the expression of NMU genes was determined in lung adenocarcinoma as well as nonmalignant tissues. Both NMU mRNA (and protein) levels were higher in lung adenocarcinoma lungs. NMU expression was also linked to the LUAD score. High-affinity antibodies against the NMU gene might be useful in diagnosing LUAD.

Lung cancer cells were obtained from the Nanjing Cobioer Company, Ltd., and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium enriched with 10% FBS. Cell staining was performed with the indicated mAbs using flow buffer containing 2.5% fBS and 0.02 sodium azide. The cell staining was carried out on cells measuring 0.5x106 to 1x104. FSC-A/FSC–H plots were used for immunostaining.

The smoothened CT8 peptide possesses a significant affinity of 6.8 + 2.5 uM. Further, it showed a high affinity in a negative control experiment using Flag antibody. The fluorescence polarization experiment also revealed that the smoothened CT8 peptide interacts directly to the core BBSome. The low specificity of the target may be due in part to its high charge.

The NMU marker, a unique member FcgR, regulates human NK cell proliferation and differentiation. GMCSF is also implicated in the pathogenesis various myeloid disease. Consequently, DTctGMCSF has been engineered by genetic engineering. The resulting toxin, DTctGMCSF targets diphtheria toxins to high-affinity GMCSF receptors. Both are immunoreactive. They also have catalytic properties.

The peptides were tested against GPR161, GTR6, HTR6, MCHR1, NMU 3ICL, NMUR1, NMUR1, and MCHR1. Candidate peptides of low affinity were eliminated by Prescission protease in a stoichometric rate of 1:100 over 12 hours. This method is efficient in detecting both NMU-tagged proteins and GPR161 protein tags.

Clinical applications

The NMU marker is a secretory neuropeptide that was isolated from the porcine spine cord. This protein is emerging as a novel factor for tumorigenesis and could be used to predict poor outcomes in colorectal carcinoma. We review some clinical applications of NMU and its role in predicting patient outcome. This article describes the role of this biomarker in colorectal cancer.

Recent research in mice shows that CRC cells can be more invasive if they have the NMU marker overexpressed. The HT29 NMU45 clone displayed higher levels of aVb5 integrins. NMU clone also had higher levels a2 (and a6) subunits. Clones expressing NMU also expressed higher levels of the b1-b4 subunits.

NMU has many clinical uses. It is important for cancer research and also essential for autoimmune diseases. It is used as a marker to distinguish patients suffering from atypical and non-atypical colon cancers. The NMU protein, which is expressed by a subset immuno cells in the intestines can be used to monitor a patient’s overall health status.

The guidelines for the use of tumor markers in breast or colorectal cancer have been published and approved by the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. However, the NMU was not validated in all cases. This biomarker is not yet clinically validated. For a successful treatment of cancer, it is important to have high sensitivity and specificity. Its use in breast cancer is not recommended in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.