Protein Mdm4 Antibodies

Protein Mdm4 (MDM4)

Inhibits p53/TP53- and TP73/p73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain. Inhibits degradation of MDM2.

Can reverse MDM2-targeted degradation of TP53 whilst maintaining suppression of TP53 transactivation and apoptotic functions. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	MDM4
Uniprot:	O15151
Entrez:	4194

Family

Belongs to:
MDM2/MDM4 family

Alternative Names

DKFZp781B1423; double minute 4 homolog; Double minute 4 protein; double minute 4, human homolog of; p53-binding protein; HDMX; Mdm2-like p53-binding protein; Mdm4 p53 binding protein homolog (mouse); MDM4 Regulator of P53; MDM4; Mdm4, transformed 3T3 cell double minute 4, p53 binding protein (mouse); Mdm4, transformed 3T3 cell double minute 4, p53 binding protein; MDM4-related protein 1; MDMX; MDMXMGC132766; mouse double minute 4, human homolog of; p53-binding protein; MRP1; p53-binding protein Mdm4; protein Mdm4; Protein Mdmx

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
54.864 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	1q32.1
Sequence:	1; NC_000001.11 (204516377..204558120)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in all tissues tested with high levels in thymus.

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Carcinoma
• Retinoblastoma
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Brain Neoplasms
• Sarcoma
• Glioma

• Genotoxic Stress
• Growth Arrest
• Glioblastoma
• Tumor Progression
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Ovary
• Osteosarcoma
• Neoplasms, Experimental

Interacting Proteins

• BCL2
• CD160
• CSNK1A1
• MDM2
• MKRN3

• RB1
• RNF115
• TP53
• UBE2D2
• USP7

• YWHAE
• YWHAG
• YWHAZ

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Cell Death
• Cell Cycle Arrest
• Cell Growth
• Cell Proliferation
• Localization
• Senescence
• Dna Repair
• Pathogenesis
• Induction Of Apoptosis
• Methylation
• Rna Interference
• Response To Stress

• Cellular Senescence
• G1 Phase
• Angiogenesis
• Cell Differentiation
• Central Nervous System Development
• Oncogenesis
• S Phase

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Ubiquitination
• Methylation

• Cleavage
• Acetylation
• Biotinylation

Research Areas

• DNA Repair
• Signal Transduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/MDM4

Best Uses of the MDM4 Marker

Interested in using the MDM4 Marker for your research? Find out more about its advantages below! Learn how to conduct qRT-PCR for circRNA and miRNA. The MDM4 Marker will be an excellent tool to use in your research. Here are some examples and uses for commonly used qRTPCR samples. This product is available to interested scientists across the globe.

The MDM4 Marker comes with many benefits

The MDM4 Marker has many benefits however, is it any distinct advantage over other markers? Let's review some of the primary advantages of this marker and how you can apply it to your research. The MDM4 gene encodes a 490-amino-acid protein with an RING finger domain as well as a putative nuclear localization signal. The observed and predicted mass of the protein were not exactly the same. This could be due to post-translational changes. The MDM4 gene is located in the pancreas, ovary and testis. Northern blot analysis revealed a 2.2-kb testis mRNA.

The MDM4 gene produces two different transcripts: MDM4FL and MDM4S. The MDM4FL version encodes the full length MDM4 protein. The MDM4S version encodes a carboxytruncated protein with the p53 binding spot and unrelated amino acids. Using either of these markers can make it easier to distinguish between the two forms.

In addition studies of 40 melanomas in humans have shown that MDM4 overexpression is extremely prevalent in cancerous cells. MDM4 mRNA levels were higher in 3 of the 40 samples than MCF-7. MDM4 protein expression was also higher in tumors than MCF-7, and in this case it was not detected in benign lesions. In addition, six of 10 primary cutaneous tumors had high MDM4 levels.

MDM4 has antitumor properties and is thought to decrease the growth of tumors. In cancer cells that have mutated or defective p53, reducing MDM4 could confer a specific advantage to the cancer cells. It has been shown that the MDM4 gene also exhibits an independent tumor suppressive function that is p53-dependent. These tumor-suppressive actions should be investigated in these tumors to see whether they show MDM4-overexpression.

QRT-PCR for miRNA and circRNA

qRTPCR for circRNAs or miRNAs is a highly specific, non-overlapping, and robust method to detect these circulating microRNAs. A variety of eukaryotic cells contain circRNAs. They are covalently closed loops and are abundant. While these microRNAs are frequently misinterpreted as splicing mistakes, they can be used to control gene expression in large networks. Additionally, circRNAs might be used as diagnostic biomarkers.

In the reverse, gene expression was correlated with miRNAs and circRNAs. By qRT-PCR, we found significant differences in gene expression between miRNAs and circRNAs. The expression of Stat3, IL1r1, Egr1 and IL1r1 was significantly higher than that of miRNAs or circRNAs. The circRNA hsa_circ_0011385 had a significant connected to miR-204 as well as positively associated with IL1r1. These miRNAs as well as their circRNAs were closely related, thus qRTPCR data was employed to create a pathway between them.

QRT-PCR for miRNAs as well as circRNAs was recently validated with ribosomal depleted total RNA from seven normal tissues and six cancerous cells. Divergent primers are used in RTPCR for CirRNAs. They cover a backsplice junction sequence in circRNAs. These amplicons permit the direct detection of small RNAs.

In a previous study, we identified eight circRNAs as well as miRNAs in human cells. Our findings showed that the expression of each circRNA is different in cancer tissues and normal tissues. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to calculate the average expression of circRNA in every cancerous cell. The specificity cutoff was set at four for testing whether a circle-RNA was expressed by a cancer-cell cell.

Utilizing qRT-PCR for circRNAs as well as miRNAs is particularly useful when testing the expression of multiple circulating RNAs in the same cell. For instance, circMTO1 can inhibit HCC progression through acting as an miRNA sponge. Cirs-7, however, competely was bound to miR-7. This depressed the CCNE1 gene and the PIK3CD gene. Additionally, circMTO1 blocks HCC growth by encouraging the expression of p21.

They are not just important biomarkers of many diseases however, they also regulate gene expression. Additionally, microRNAs that circulate are an excellent indicator of gene expression in cancer cells. Therefore, microRNAs that are circulating should be included in cancer immunohistochemical studies. This is because they help distinguish between cancerous and healthy cells. It is therefore essential to identify the microRNAs that cause cancer.

As you can see, miRNAs and circRNAs are controlled by an intricate network. CircRNAs as well as miRNAs and hubgenes play a significant part in the process of causing cancer. Therefore the identification of these microRNAs and miRNAs is a useful way to develop novel treatment strategies for BCa. In addition to the detection of miRNAs and microRNAs in circulation in qRT-PCR, qRT-PCR to detect circRNAs and miRNAs also allows for the detection of microRNAs that are in circulation.

qRT-PCR to detect circRNA

qRTPCR for circRNA is an effective tool that can be utilized to determine the expression levels of specific genes within circulating RNA. Circular RNAs are distinct sequences of RNA which have low levels of canonical splicing and therefore are not random byproducts from mRNA synthesis. To determine circulating RNAs within cells we utilized the SYBR Green BioFACT 2x Master Mix. We used an Takara instrument from Dalian, China and performed real-time qPCR for circRNA with certain primers. As references, we utilized GAPDH (internal control) and U6 (internal control). We ran three times through each step and calculated fold differences between each gene in each of the samples. We utilized electrophoresis to confirm qRTPCR for circRNA.

Using qRT-PCR for circRNAs is a highly sensitive and reliable method to determine the amount of circular RNA in human prostate cancer tissues. This method can identify the miRNA-binding gene and the tumor suppressor. It can also tell if the specific tumor is responding to a specific treatment. A single specimen could represent a full type of tumor and require multiple samples to confirm a diagnosis.

qRT-PCR for circRNAs is a useful method to assess the expression level of circulating RNA. Non-coding RNAs involved in carcinogenesis are known as circular RNAs. Numerous circRNAs have been discovered to play a part in cancer progression, including Circ-ZKSCAN1 in breast cancer. It is believed to regulate the expression of CCNE1 using the miR-195-5p sponge. Through direct interaction with miR-244, Circ-HIPK3 may also be involved in lung cancer.

As compared to circulating RNA circCDR1AS and circHIAT1 were significantly associated with age and severity of PCa. These results suggest that the biomarkers can be used to determine the different types of pathologies that are associated with PCa. Further research is required. While they aren't clinically effective, they could someday prove to important biomarkers for PCa. There are still a lot of questions to be answered before they are clinically effective.

Besides detecting circulating RNA, the qRT-PCR test for circZKSCAN1 is an excellent method for evaluating the amount of the gene in a cell sample. It can detect the expression of circZKSCAN1 in various human cancer cells. qRTPCR for circZKSCAN1 is also accessible to determine the degree of circulating NSCLC circ-ZKSCAN1. The study also showed that circZKSCAN1 has a regulatory role within NSCLC.

QRT-PCR for circRNA requires several steps, all of which are designed to detect circulating circRNA in the human blood. The first step to design the pipeline for qPCR is to determine the method that will be used. In general, the majority of methods are based on the emission of fluorescence. Fluorescent dyes connect to DNA double-stranded in a nonspecific manner and emit the characteristic fluorescent signal when in contact with it. The fluorescence increases when more DNA is produced through a qPCR reaction.