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- Table of Contents
Facts about HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain.
The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | HLA-DPB1 |
Uniprot: | P04440 |
Entrez: | 3115 |
Belongs to: |
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MHC class II family |
DP beta 1 chain; DPB1; HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W4) beta chain; HLA DP14-beta chain; HLA-DP histocompatibility type, beta-1 subunit; HLA-DP1B; HLA-DPB; major histocompatibility complex class II HLA DPB1 protein; major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1; MHC class II antigen beta chain; MHC class II antigen DP beta 1 chain; MHC class II antigen DPB1; MHC class II antigen DPbeta1; MHC class II HLA-DP-beta; MHC HLA DPB1
Mass (kDA):
29.159 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 6p21.32 |
Sequence: | 6; NC_000006.12 (33075990..33089696) |
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation.
The HLA DPB1 marker is found in a large number of animal and human samples. Biological assays detect this gene using specific antibodies. Boster Bio produces HLA-DPB1 antibodies for rabbit and mouse models. Antibodies to this gene are used to detect human hepatitis B virus in a variety of biological studies. The immune response to vaccination is also connected with HLA-DPB1.
A large number of individuals were able to examine the relationship between genetic variation in the HLA-DPB1 and response to the hepatitis B vaccination. HLA-DPB1 alleles were associated with the response of the HB vaccine in 171 cases-control subjects and 551 controls. In the case-control group, the prevalence of HLA-DPB1 was significantly different between the two groups.
The relationship between response to the HB vaccine and HLA-DPB1 variants was also discovered. The DRB1*04.01 allele was linked to Asian and Caucasian populations with higher antibody responses to HB vaccines, while DPB1*05.01 was associated for lower responses to HB vaccinations. This study has numerous implications for the creation and testing of the vaccine against HBV.
People with the HLA-DPB1 gene are more likely to have a risk of getting infected with hepatitis B. The link between HLA-DPB1 and response to the HB vaccine was confirmed in the next study. This is the first study that examines the importance of HLA-DPB1 determining the response of the vaccine. The relationship between HLADPB1 and response to the HB vaccine was further examined with a large number of subjects.
The study also revealed an association between the HLA-DPB1 gene and a higher risk of benign liver disease. There is a link between the HLA-DPB1 gene and TCAACA haplotypes and the risk of developing HCC. The relationship between HLA-DPB1 and TCAACA haplotypes was substantial. Patients with the CCAACG or TCAATA haplotypes confirmed the connection between HLA and the response to Hepatitis B vaccination.
HLA-DPB1 was linked to the response to the Hepatitis B vaccine. However it is unclear how HLA-DPB1 is associated with the ability to respond to vaccines. Bimmugen is the first vaccine to reveal HLA-DPB1*13:02 haplotype as a significant indicator of resistance to disease. There are a variety of relationships between DRB1*03 as well as response to the vaccine.
Recent studies of the population have demonstrated that the response to the rubella vaccine may be genetically affected. The HLA system accounts for about 20 percent of the variation in humoral immune responses among individuals. These studies also revealed that the HLA-DPB1 gene variant was associated with an immune response to rubella vaccine. This research confirms previous findings that HLADPB1 is associated with an increased response to rubella vaccine.
The association between HLA-DPB1 and JEV response isn't clear. Polymorphisms in HLA-A1 are not associated with anti-HIV antibodies in Caucasians and Chinese. However they are associated with lower rates of response to MMR vaccine. The HLA-DPB1-A1 variants are associated with lower levels of IL-6 produced by rubella in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. HLA-DPB1 has been linked to a decreased response to the MMR vaccine among Turkish people.
The HLA-DPB1 locus has three alleles (DRB1*09:01 DPB1*05:02), which are related to NAb responses to rubella vaccine. Higher NAb response was associated with the DRB1*09.01 allele than DPB1*02 :01.
If a person is genetically susceptible to the virus they are more likely to develop HLA-DPB1. This gene is responsible to the recognition of antigens in T-helper cells. Recent research has revealed that HLA-DPB1*03.01 carriers had higher levels of antibody responses than people with no changes in their HLA–DPB1 haplotype.
One of the most frequently used markers for measles vaccine protection is the HLA-DPB1 gene. This gene is associated with a lower chance of developing atypical or severe measles. It causes a characteristic rash and high fever. However, measles that are not typical can also cause the development of pulmonary disease, a rise in liver enzymes, and even cardiac involvement.
It's not entirely clear what an individual's reaction to measles vaccine differs from other people. There are many factors that influence the immune response to vaccine such as genetic factors and environmental factors. Large epidemiological studies have proven that environmental factors play an important role in the development of the vaccine response. Age, sex, ethnicity, size of the smoker, smoking status, vaccination dosage, route of administration, and storage quality are all factors that influence a person's immune response.
Although the difference in response to virus-like particle-based vaccines isn't completely clear, the results indicate that certain HLA-DPB1 markers are associated to the measles vaccine response. Inactivated vaccines have the HLA-DPB1 B-C locus is associated with high JEV-NAbs. This could be due to differences in the HLADPB1 allele.
The DRB1 locus has three alleles: DRB1*09:01, the DRB1*04:05:01 and the DPB1*12:01). The individuals with higher NAbs and lower GMT. People who were seronegative had higher responses to DPB1*07;01 and DRB1*02:02.
HLA-DPB1 also has a connection with CD46 and HLA-DPB1. However, this association isn't conclusive. Numerous studies have revealed similar gene-related associations in groups. The selection of control subjects should be taken into consideration by the study's authors. It is vital to know which genetic variants could affect the immune response.
It is crucial to keep in mind that vaccine failures can occur. A person who has been immunized with the measles vaccination may be diagnosed with a new illness regardless of their vaccination. This kind of illness can result in hospitalization, and even unwelcome outcomes such as pneumonia and death. In such cases the vaccine didn't work or may not cause a sufficient immune response to protect against infection.
Two genetic variants (HLA-DPB1) have been identified to be strongly linked with chronic hepatitus infection. HLA-DPB1 is an antigen-presenting molecule. People with decreased HLA-DPB1 expression were less likely to develop chronic hepatitis B infection than those with higher HLA-DPB1 expression.
Other genetic variants of HLADPB1 have been linked with an increased risk of HBV infection. The HLA-DQB1*06.01 allele was found to be significantly associated with chronic HBV infection and lower levels of IL-4 and IFN-g. This indicates that HLA-DPB1 is associated with chronic HBV infection despite its low frequency.
The association between HLA-DPB1 and HBV infection was found to be largely indirect. In Asian cohorts, HLA-DPB1*04/01 and the HLA-DPB1*01:01 alleles were related to the persistence of HBV infection and recovery from the disease. These findings support the hypothesis that alleles of HLA-DPB1 are associated with the chronicity of hepatitis B infection.
The allele polymorphisms HLA-DPB1 are also related to HBV infection susceptibility and viral clearance. Understanding the role of HLA-SNPs and their involvement in HBV infection, will improve strategies for chronic HBV patients. The HLA-DPB1 mutations have been found to be genetically related to HBV susceptibility.
The most commonly identified variants associated with chronic HBV infection are rs307735, and rs92775353535. These two variants are also associated HLA-DPB1 and HLA–DPA1 expression. The presence of rs3077 further made it more likely that HLA/DPB1 is the cause of chronic and chronic HBV infections.
Furthermore, HLA-DPB1 is also associated with the presence of the protective allele. A compound heterozygote comprising both the protective and vulnerable alleles was also associated with protection against CHB infection. This is a reminder of the importance of identifying the HLA/DPB1 genotypes to help develop new immune recognition mechanisms. These findings are significant in predicting the risk of chronicity as well as the severity of Hepatitis B.
To determine the association between HLA-DPB1 and the chronicity of hepatitis B, researchers analyzed the levels of HLA-DPB1 transcripts. The levels of HLA-DPB1 transcripts were compared to a calibrator gene (496AA genotype) and to reference genes, RPLP0 and GAPDH. Serial dilutions were utilized to examine the CT values of different genes. A relative quantification method was used following amplification in order to determine which primer pair performed most effectively.
PMID: 6098459 by Kappes D.J., et al. Structure and polymorphism of the HLA class II SB light chain genes.
PMID: 2998758 by Tonnelle C., et al. DO beta: a new beta chain gene in HLA-D with a distinct regulation of expression.
*More publications can be found for each product on its corresponding product page