Hhip Antibodies

Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip)

Modulates hedgehog signaling in several cell types, including lung and brain via direct interaction with members of the hedgehog family. Soluble forms inhibit Shh-induced distinction in the fibroblast cell line C3H/10T1/2.

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Gene Information

Mouse
Gene Name:	Hhip
Uniprot:	Q7TN16
Entrez:	15245

Family

Belongs to:
HHIP family

Alternative Names

FLJ90230; hedgehog interacting protein; hedgehog-interacting protein; HHIP; Hip; HIPFLJ20992

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
78.513 kDA

Genomic Context

Mouse
Location:	8 C1|8 37.95 cM
Sequence:	8;

Tissue Specificity

In the adult brain, high expression found in the ventral cochlear nucleus, medial habenula, indusium griseum and tenia tecta. Some expression also in the caudate putamen, the nucleus accumbens, the ventral pallidum and in the superficial layers of the surerior colliculus.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease
• Lung Diseases
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Pancreas
• Lung Diseases, Obstructive
• Adenocarcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Lung
• Colorectal Cancer
• Carcinogenesis
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Pulmonary Emphysema

• Holoprosencephaly
• Colorectal Neoplasms
• Medulloblastoma
• Esophageal Neoplasms
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome
• Liver Carcinoma
• Basal Cell Carcinoma

Pathways

• Cell Proliferation
• Pathogenesis
• Regeneration
• Cell Cycle
• Methylation
• Cell Growth
• Localization
• Angiogenesis
• Cell Differentiation
• Tissue Homeostasis
• Aging
• Demethylation
• Tissue Regeneration

• Cell Adhesion
• Pancreas Morphogenesis
• Dna Demethylation
• Lung Development
• Vasculogenesis
• Limb Development
• Embryo Implantation

PTMs

• Methylation
• Demethylation

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage

• Acetylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/Hhip

Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The HHIP Marker

High-affinity prima antibodies (HAPs), which target specific antigens in cells, are antigen-binding proteins that have high affinity. They are often used for cancer cell growth analysis or to target antigens and antigen binding proteins in tumors. This article will cover pricing, applications and many other details. The benefits of HHIPs are discussed as well as the expectations for the new technology.

High-affinity primaries are used to target specific proteins or antigen-binding molecules in cells.

Primary antibodies are made from specific antigens that a person's body recognizes. These antibodies are composed of one- to six monosaccharides, five to eight amino acids, and the specificity of their three-dimensional antigenic conformation. There are two types of antibodies: IgG (or IgM). Both types are widely utilized in cell biology research.

Bispecific antibodies can be made by combining two immunoglobulin segments from polyclonal serum. These molecules can also create by chemically conjugating monoclonal and monoclonal antibodies or by fusions of two cell lines from the hybridoma family. Although the primitive forms of these molecules showed activity against certain malignancies, their therapeutic value was limited.

The properties of the antibody are critical for reproducibility and specificity. Specificity refers the antibody's ability recognise an epitope and not the full-length targeted protein. All antibodies can be bound to biomolecules but only the best can target a specific epitope. This is because some epitope sequences can be found on unrelated proteins, which contributes to low selectivity.

Primary antibodies are highly variable in their target sites and have different affinities. IgM, IgG, and IgG subclasses are more apt for antigens than IgGs. However they may have comparable specificity. However, it is important to note that IgM and IgG have very different binding affinities.

COVID-19 antibody reactions varied widely depending upon the disease burden and comorbidities. However, genetic background, age, gender and gender may influence immune response. A higher level of total anti-SARS-2 antibodies is associated with a greater disease burden. The IgG and IgM antibodies in critically ill patients peaked earlier than those in patients with mild disease.

An antigen can be described as an epitope (immunoglobulin), that triggers an immune system response when it is exposed. Antigens are usually proteins or fragments of foreign proteins. The body can also produce antigens as its own proteins. Some bacteria and viruses have antigens on both the outside and inside of their cells. Isolated antigens can also be used to create vaccines.

Primary antibodies have a base structure similar to that of proteins in the human body. They are made up of four polypeptide strands. These heavy chains are called the Fc fragment. They interact with various immune cells via the Fc-receptor. These proteins are highly conserved in antibodies of the exact same isotype. The antigen-binding protein (Fab) is the antigen binding portion. The hinge domain is the part of the heavy-chain that separates Fc from Fab.

An antibody unit is made up of two identical heavy- and two identically light chains. The heavy chains contain three domains constant while the light chains only one domain constant. All four chains are linked by intra- and intermolecular disulfide bond. There are three different isotypes of antibodies, and the three different types of primary antibodies have different immunological functions.

Applications

HHIP, a lung-derived protein, is expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells during murine lung development and after lung development. Its knockdown and amplification results in lung diseases including COPD. HHIP is also a novel marker of epithelial vascular cells. This marker can be used for studying the pathogenesis and progression of COPD.

Scientists can better understand the role played by HHIP in vascular diseases by using HHIP as an genetic marker. HHIP-knockout mice have hypoplastic lungs, while Hhip-haploinsufficient mice develop normal lungs. Hhip-deficient or deletion mice have more severe symptoms, such as emphysema and prominent lymphoid aggregates. These are common in patients with COPD. The Hhip-deficient mice develop airway lymphoid aggregates with age, a sign of a predisposition to exaggerated inflammation.

Recent research indicates that the HHIP gene variant is related to exacerbation frequency in COPD patients. This is a significant phenotype because it indicates active inflammation. The RNA sequencing of CD8+ cells revealed that CD8+ cells were activated more rapidly with age and increased expression of IFNg. In addition, studies have shown that Hhip is expressed in lung fibroblasts but is absent in CD8+ T cells.