DKK4 Antibodies

Dickkopf-related protein 4 (DKK4)

Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an significant role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes like antero- posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation.

In the mature, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease (By similarity). .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	DKK4
Uniprot:	Q9UBT3
Entrez:	27121

Family

Belongs to:
dickkopf family

Alternative Names

dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 4; dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis); dickkopf-4; dickkopf-related protein 4; Dkk4; Dkk-4; hDkk-4; MGC129562; MGC129563

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
24.876 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	8p11.21
Sequence:	8; NC_000008.11 (42373194..42391322, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in cerebellum, T-cells, esophagus and lung.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Colorectal Cancer
• Malignant Tumor Of Colon
• Carcinoma
• Cell Invasion
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Stomach
• Colorectal Neoplasms
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Gastrointestinal Tract
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Liver Carcinoma
• Schizophrenia

• Metaplasia
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
• Colonic Neoplasms
• Carcinogenesis
• Polyposis
• Kidney Neoplasm

Pathways

• Methylation
• Cell Growth
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Migration
• Aging
• Cell Cycle
• Dna Methylation
• Localization
• Angiogenesis
• Cell Adhesion
• Osteoclast Differentiation
• Hair Follicle Development

• Osteoblast Differentiation
• Neurogenesis
• Cell Fate Determination
• Pigmentation
• Reverse Transcription
• Translation
• Cell Motility

PTMs

• Methylation
• Demethylation

• Phosphorylation
• Glycosylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/DKK4

Best Uses Of The DKK4 Marker

Boster Bio provides educational materials, including PDFs, for educators. Using these resources is permitted as long as they link to the source or cite the resources. Additionally, educators can share them with others educators. In addition, they are encouraged to link to the website in their own publications. This article will discuss the many resources offered by Boster Bio.

PDFs

The DKK4 mark is a protein that can be found in human cell cells. The protein can be used for tissue repair and immune monitoring as well as cancer research. Boster Bio’s DKK4 antibody has a high-affinity primary antibody against dkk4. These antibodies are validated in ELISA, Western Blotting, and Immunohistochemistry. Boster's DKK4 antibodies are the most sensitive and precise markers available.

Case studies

Case studies have shown that the DKK4 marker can identify HCC-related patients. The DKK4 gene regulates glucose-induced proliferation. Its down-regulation has been shown to be a hallmark in HCC development. DKK4 has been detected in patients with aggressive HCC tumours. Hyperglycemia also impacts the expression DKK4.

A case study using HepG2 Cells has shown that DKK4 levels are elevated in LiCl treatment cells, but not control cells. DKK4 expression levels declined in empty vector cell lines, but increased in DKK4 treated cells. DKK4 levels were lower in cells that were incubated with glucose-free medium than in NG cells. The DKK4 expression was not affected by glutamine supplementation.

A case study with children revealed that DKK4 expression was lower than Wnt3a or C-Myc. This indicated that DKK4 could suppress normoglycemia-induced growth suppression. DKK4-positive mice also showed that HCC was less likely in DKK4 positive cells. In the absence DNA testing, it is difficult to prove that the marker is specific.

The DKK4 protein is highly expressed within HCC cells and is sensitive to glucose-induced growth. In vivo, HCC tumors can progress faster in a glucose-inducing environment. A glucose-enriched environment can also increase the levels of b-catenin, cleaved capase-3 and other growth factors in rapidly growing tumors. Rapidly growing tumors also have lower levels of DKK4 gene transcript expression.

A variety of transgenic mouse models were created with the DKK4 gene mutated. The A-498 cells were transfected with either an empty or DKK4 vector. Both stable transfectants displayed lower levels nuclear beta-catenin/cyclinD1, but DKK4 -transfected tumors were more aggressive and invasive. The expression levels of several members of the Wnt non-canonical/JNK signaling pathways were significantly higher in DKK4-mutated tumors.