Calretinin Antibodies

Calretinin (CALB2)

Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein which is abundant in auditory neurons. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CALB2
Uniprot:	P22676
Entrez:	794

Family

Belongs to:
calbindin family

Alternative Names

29 kDa calbindin; CAB29; CAL2; CALB2; calbindin 2; calbindin 2, (29kD, calretinin); calbindin 2, 29kDa (calretinin); calbindin D29K; Calretinin; CR

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
31.54 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	16q22.2
Sequence:	16; NC_000016.10 (71358713..71390438)

Tissue Specificity

Brain.

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Ataxia
• Malignant Tumor Of Colon
• Carcinoma
• Atrophy
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Ataxia, Spinocerebellar
• Colonic Neoplasms
• Mesothelioma
• Sensorineural Hearing Loss (disorder)
• Optic Atrophy

• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Melanoma
• Choline Deficiency
• Pleural Neoplasms
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Pleural Mesothelioma

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Pathogenesis
• Righting Reflex
• Cell Proliferation
• Signal Transmission
• Brain Development
• Dna Methylation
• Neurogenesis
• Synaptic Transmission
• Chondrocyte Differentiation

• Reflex
• Methylation
• Fermentation
• Cell Death
• Histone Acetylation

PTMs

• Methylation

Research Areas

• Cellular Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CALB2

Best Uses Of The CALB2 Marker

The CALB2 Marker is an enzyme that binds to a specific epitope of the human genome, is a highly specific protein. The CALB2 gene is expressed in all human tissues, but it is frequently misunderstood in patients. Boster provides high-affinity primary antibodies as well as secondary antibodies. In addition to high-affinity primary antibodies Boster offers high-specific secondary antibody.

Boster offers high-affinity primary antibody for secondary antibodies that are high-affinity.

You've found the best secondary antibodies for flow Cytometry here. Boster Bio stocks over 16,000 antibodies which include valid products that are appropriate for WB, ELISA and FC. Additionally, Boster offers rabbit polyclonal antibodies for WB. All antibodies are made using proprietary trade secrets and tested to confirm their biological activity.

Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have high affinity and are highly useful in a variety of biomedical applications. Strategies for rapid isolation of antibodies are crucial to future informed responses to infectious diseases. Researchers examined the antibody repertoires from mice immunized to determine memory cells that express specific antigens. These researchers identified high-affinity neutralizing antibodies, and then engineered them to have increased neutralizing capacity.

After isolation The two lead clones of the study were incubated with biotin-coated SARS-2 RBDs on magnet beads. The binding was assessed. Both lead clones showed low pM EC50 values against biotinylated SARS-CoV-2 RBD. The results revealed that the pM EC50 for high-affinity antibodies was 66 +/- 2.

In addition to their high affinity, high-affinity secondary antibody have excellent stability. This study found that antibodies had a Tm of 72.2 +/0.3 degC which is very similar to the control antibodies. The 13I1 antibody that performed the best showed multiple unfolding transitionswhen compared to the controls. These antibodies are stable and will perform well when used in immunoassays.

High-affinity antibodies can also also be made by cloning the mouse antibody genes directly onto expression plasmids. This process produces chimeric antibody with potent neutralizing properties that can be beneficial in studies that require multiple antibodies to combat a specific disease. Alternatively, transcriptionally-active PCR (TAP) is a more effective strategy and may be attractive for single-B cell discovery campaigns.

Calibrations

The gene encoding the CALB2 protein is found in a variety of vertebrates. Its role in mammalian gonadals is only slowly being recognized. In the 1990s, the calb2 gene was discovered in the gonad tissue of Paralichthys olivaceus. To characterize the tissue distribution of the CALB2 gene, we performed real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We observed that the calb2 gene was located in the Leydig cells in the testis of P. Ovaceus.

The testis and ovary of P. Olivaceus were examined using HE staining as well as paraffin section. The ovary was stuffed with stage II embryos. The cytoplasm was homogeneous, with the exception of small transparent oil balls that were close to the nuclear membrane. The spermatogonium which was round or elliptical was faintly stained. Analyzing the DNA and using immunohistochemistry, it was determined that CALB2 was expressed in the ovarian germ epithelium and gonads, however, no immune signal was detected in the oocyte.

The position of Hpse's rostral and Colq neurons was discovered to be 23.2 +/- 2.8 percent in 11 sections of the L3-5 DRG and the rostral position of Agpat4+ neurons was 24.7 percent in 11 sections of the L4-5 DRG. This is a significant difference in the distribution of markers and could have implications for how the CALB2 marker in fMRI is used.

The amplification protocol was 95 degC for a period of 10 min followed by 39 cycles of 60 degrees Celsius for 30 s. The melting curve data were taken and read. The correlation coefficient for calibration curves was 0.99 or greater. The efficiencies of PCR varied from 0.95 to 99 percent with the highest efficiency being attained. Real-time PCR used calb2 for the target gene. The amplification procedure was repeated three times with the internal standard serving as a reference.

Specificity

The BRE9-13 fragment was utilized to increase the expression of the CALB2 gene in colon cancer cells of HT-29. The BRE9-13 region comprises 2 functional and 2 putative BRE elements, which act as transcriptional repressors in colon cancer cells. These regions are located 3.3 kb upstream of the CALB2 translation start site. The BRE9-13 fragment is composed of putative transcriptional repressors as well as a positive regulatory element, NRF-1.

Researchers discovered two conserved segments in the CALB2 mRNA by using the CALRB2 3’UTR. These sequences were utilized in subsequent research. The RNAfold prediction software identified an ARE-like structure that could be a possible one which allowed scientists to further examine the mRNA sequences for calretinin. TargetScan7.1 predicted two binding sites for miR-30 family, and one for miR-9.

RT-qPCR confirmed that all three transcripts were detected in ZL55 and ACC-MESO-4 cell lines, but only the full isoform of CALB2 was observed in ONE58 cells. The three transcripts of calretinin were detected in the mesothelioma smear panel tumors. Histones were used as internal control. If you have a tumor that contains the entire isoform of CALB2, then CALB2 expression will be detected.

When analyzing the specificity of the CALB2 protein, you need to be aware that this molecule also connects to proteins X as well as Y, with Z-scores of 43 and 14 respectively. The S-score of this protein is 29. It is essential to be aware that the CALB2 marker has high specificity. You should also be aware of the specificity and sensitivity of any markers you employ. These markers will help you determine if you are suffering from type I HCs.

The CR-Lhx5 proteins is a fast Ca2+ buffer that regulates intracellular Ca2+ transients. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is significantly diminished in mesothelial cells with primary overexpression of CR. It isn't well-studied in other tissues, though CR expression is high in neurons. It is thought to be the same in expression in mice and humans. Similar elements AP2-like to those have been found in the CR-Lhx5 genetic gene.

Cost

The CALB2 gene is an important regulator of tumor growth. The CALB2 promoter contains two functional BRE elements as well as a possible enhancer element. These elements are known to act as transcriptional repressors inside colon cancer cells. The newly discovered region is approximately 3.3 km upstream of the CALB2 translation start site. The CALB2 gene is regulated by several transcription factors, such as b-catenin, NRf-1 and b-caten.