Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 (ATG12)

Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 via a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is crucial for its function.

The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme that's required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. .